Watermelon
Watermelon is a fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family. It grows best in full sun with medium moisture, and is listed for USDA zones 3-13. Plants reach harvest about 51–109 days after planting.
Varieties
58 from True Leaf Market, High Mowing & Seeds Now · sorted by days to maturity▸Splendor Hybrid51–69 days
Vegetable; Annual; hybrid; heat tolerant; seeded
60 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Splendor F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, hybrid, heat tolerant, seeded, mini watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). Our first true Sugar Baby ice box/mini melon that develops 7-9 lb fruits. Selected and tested in Northern climates but still well adapted to longer growing areas. ~ 420 Seeds per oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Triple Baby Hybrid55–75 days
Vegetable; Annual
Triple Baby F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 65 days to maturity. Seedless. Triple Baby F1 has a beautiful shiny black rind. Its flesh is a deep red color and weighs 7 to 8 pounds. ~ 225 Seeds per oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Early Crimson Treat59–81 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
70 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Early Crimson Treat Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, icebox watermelon. Early Crimson Treat Watermelon Seeds. Both light and dark green stripes wrap themselves around this gorgeous melon. With its skin contrasting beautifully with its bright red interior, the Early Crimson Treat watermelon indeed lives up to its name. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Golden Midget60–70 days
Heirloom; Non-GMO; Vegetable; Annual
60-70 days to maturity. Golden Midget is an early, open-pollinated heirloom watermelon bred by Elwyn Meader and Albert Yeager at the University of New Hampshire in 1959. The small, round fruits weigh only a few pounds and turn golden-yellow when ripe, signaling harvest time, with sweet, salmon-pink flesh. Its short growing season and compact vines make it ideal for northern gardens and small spaces.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Golden Midget (Organic)60–70 days
Heirloom; Organic; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
60-70 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Golden Midget Organic Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, mini watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). The thin light green rind turns a golden yellow at maturity. ~470 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tiger Doll Hybrid61–83 days
Vegetable; Annual
Tiger Doll F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 72 days to maturity. Light green rind with thin dark tiger strip. Bright red flesh is crisp and extra sweet. About 420 Seeds / Oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Baby Doll F164–86 days
Ships well; Uniform; 10-15 lbs
Productive, early icebox melon with dark green stripes and crisp, bright yellow flesh. Uniform fruits with sweet flavor topped our yellow melon taste tests. Harvest promptly, as fruit has a tendency to split when ripe in the field. Excellent for direct markets or shipping
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Bush Sugar Baby (Organic)64–86 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant
75 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Bush Sugar Baby Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, Icebox watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). Bush Sugar Baby is an early watermelon for those limited on space, but not taste. This perfect little melon has only 3-4' vines and bears two 12 lb melons per plant. Light striping, great blue-black skin with contrasting sweet red, firm flesh.. ~350 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Sugar Baby64–86 days
Drought tolerant; 6-12 lbs
Excellent short-season variety with reliable yields of sweet, juicy melons. The standard for small watermelons. Perfectly rounded fruits range from 7-8.5” in diameter with a solid green rind and deep red flesh. Our strain has been selected for cool growing conditions and high yields.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Sugarbaby64–86 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
Popular and early "Icebox" variety produces uniform 8" round heirloom watermelons - Each fruit weighs appx. 8 - 12 lb - Drought resistant variety - Thrives in hot temperatures and direct sun Days to Maturity | 75 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Tiger Baby Hybrid (Organic)64–86 days
Organic; Vegetable; Annual
Tiger Baby F1 Hybrid Organic Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. Organic. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 75 days to maturity. Hybrid F1, Diploid. Approx. 420 Seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Blacktail Mountain65–88 days
OSSI; Early and reliable; Stores up to 2 months; 6-10 lbs
Our best melon for short, cool seasons with crisp, sweet flesh that rivals hybrids. These solid, dark green fruits boast a vibrant crimson flesh. Plants have proven to be especially prolific producers in our trials fields. Fruits average 8” across. Vines grow as long as 10’. Excellent keeping quality and yields. Harvest just before ripe and melons will finish off in storage. Developed by Glenn Drowns of Sand Hill Preservation Center in Calamus, Iowa.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Yellow Petite65–78 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
65-78 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus Yellow Petite watermelon seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, mini watermelon. Petite Yellow watermelon is perfect for those with a short growing season. This yellow-orange fleshed melon is lightly sweet, canary yellow and at 6 pounds perfect for the fridge.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Triple Gold Hybrid66–90 days
Vegetable; Annual; F1 hybrid; seedless
78 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Triple Gold Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, F1 hybrid, seedless, mini watermelon. Triple Gold Hybrid is a delicious yellow watermelon without seeds. Its flesh is sweet, and the rind is green with dark green stripes. The round fruit weighs 8 to 10 pounds and is perfect for a hot summer day. ~ 225 Seeds per oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Crimson Sweet Yellow (Organic)68–92 days
Heirloom; Organic; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
80 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Crimson Sweet Yellow Organic Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Organic Crimson Sweet Yellow watermelon is very similar to Crimson Sweet in appearance, but with yellow flesh. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Dixie Queen68–92 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; seeded
80 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Dixie Queen Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. The Dixie Queen watermelon is popular in the southern United States. Developed in the 1930s making it a popular heirloom. The rind is bright, light green, with dark green stripes. The Fruit is round like a ball. ~325 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tom F168–92 days
High yielding; 5-10 lbs
Smaller, early melon with dense, flavorful flesh and long shelf life; perfect for taking to market. Beautiful light green fruits with tiger-striped rinds and slightly oblong shape. Flesh is deep pink with excellent, sweet flavor and dense, fine-grained texture. Long shelf life and highest yields of any hybrid melons in our trials with good hollow heart resistance. From our friends at Genesis Seeds.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Treasure Chest Hybrid68–92 days
Vegetable; Annual
Treasure Chest F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 80 days to maturity. Seedless. Treasure Chest F1 is a yellow triploid watermelon with sweet, bright yellow flesh. The rind is light green with dark green stripes. About 500 Seeds / Oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Triple Express Hybrid68–92 days
Vegetable; Annual
Triple Express F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 80 days to maturity. Seedless. Triple Express F1 is an early Crimson Sweet triploid, with a firm flesh and high yield. Its flesh is red/pink, with no seed, and delicious! About 225 Seeds / Oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Yellow Gem Sweet68–92 days
Vegetable; Annual; open-pollinated; heat tolerant; seeded
80 days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Yellow Gem Sweet Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heat tolerant, seeded, icebox watermelon. Now a true yellow Crimson Sweet watermelon. ~ 400 seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Yellow Gem Sweet (Organic)68–92 days
Organic; Vegetable; Annual; open-pollinated; heat tolerant; seeded
80 days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Organic Yellow Gem Sweet Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, Annual, organic, open-pollinated, heat tolerant, seeded, icebox watermelon. A true yellow Crimson Sweet watermelon. ~ 400 Seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Baby Doll Hybrid70–75 days
Vegetable; Annual; hybrid; heat tolerant; seeded
70-75 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Baby Doll F1 hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, hybrid, heat tolerant, seeded, mini watermelon. These warm season watermelons win the race as their oval-shaped canary-yellow fruit will ripen as early as 40 days from their sowing date! As an icebox watermelon variety, these hybrid melons grow 5-10 lbs and produce vines that are less vigorous spreaders than other types. As all watermelons need full sun and adequate room to grow, Yellow Baby Doll Hybrid plants are ideal for gardeners with smaller-to-average sized space. The nectar-sweet fruit of hybrid melons will brighten up your early and mid-summer season, as their non-GMO seeds produce an abundant crop. Pollination is also the secret to growing successful watermelons. Plant marigolds next to your Yellow Baby Doll Hybrids to not only draw in beneficial insects, but to grow a bright-colored garden that wins over any eye! ~450 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Baby Doll Hybrid (Organic)70–75 days
Organic; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; hybrid; seeded
70-75 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Baby Doll F1 Hybrid Organic Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, hybrid, heat tolerant, seeded, mini watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). These warm season watermelons win the race as their oval-shaped canary-yellow fruit will ripen as early as 40 days from their sowing date! As an icebox watermelon variety, these hybrid melons grow 5-10 lbs and produce vines that are less vigorous spreaders than other types. As all watermelons need full sun and adequate room to grow, Yellow Baby Doll Hybrid plants are ideal for gardeners with smaller-to-average sized space. The nectar-sweet fruit of hybrid melons will brighten up your early and mid-summer season, as their non-GMO seeds produce an abundant crop. Pollination is also the secret to growing successful watermelons. Plant marigolds next to your Yellow Baby Doll Hybrids to not only draw in beneficial insects, but to grow a bright-colored garden that wins over any eye! ~450 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Cracker Jack F171–95 days
Seedless; Crimson sweet type; 15-18 lbs
Resistance: IR: Anthractnose (1); Fusarium Wilt (0,1)
Seedless watermelon with gorgeous dark rind, outstanding yields and excellent flavor. Fruit are oval-shaped and blocky with firm flesh and a deep red internal color, setting continuously on strong vines. High yields of consistently sized fruit make it an excellent choice for commercial production. Must be planted with a pollinator cultivar companion. Pollinator provided. From our partners at Vitalis Organic Seeds. Citrullus lanatus var. Lanatus
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸AU Producer72–98 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
85 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. AU Producer Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. Originally bred in Alabama, in 1982, as an improved version of the Crimson Sweet. Sweeter and more productive than Crimson Sweet. Fruit is blocky, and round, with bright red flesh, averaging 25-30lbs. ~720 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Crimson Sweet72–98 days
Classic sweet flavor; 15-25 lbs
Quality and reliability in a classic oblong melon with juicy sweet flesh. An excellent variety for gardeners and growers alike, with vibrant red, firm, fine-textured flesh and silver and dark green striping.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Florida Giant72–98 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
The Florida Giant Watermelon plant produces beautiful 45 lb round dark green watermelons - One of the best semi-round watermelons - Delicious bright red flesh Days to Maturity | 85 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Kleckley's Sweet72–98 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
85 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Kleckley's Sweet Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. Kleckley's Sweet was also called "Monte Cristo" watermelon or "The Wonder Melon". Touted in many catalogs as "The finest and sweetest melon for home use." Kleckley's oblong fruits can reach 25-40 pounds. This watermelon produces a thin, green rind, red flesh, and white seeds. ~260 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tom Watson72–98 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
The Tom Watson watermelon is an heirloom introduced to the commercial seed trade in 1902 by William A. Watson of Thomson, Georgia. Plants produce excellent yields of large oblong melons around 30-40 lbs with sweet, dark red flesh and a tough rind that made it a favorite shipping variety. A Tom Watson Watermelon Festival is held each August at Hickory Hill in Thomson, Georgia.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Triple Play Hybrid72–98 days
Vegetable; Annual
Triple Play F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Citrullus lanatus. F1 Hybrid. Non-GMO. Annual. 85 days to maturity. Seedless. Triple Play is an early hybrid triploid watermelon with a very sweet and bright red flesh. The rind color is light green with narrow dark stripes. Approx. 225 Seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Triple Treat Hybrid72–98 days
Vegetable; Annual; F1 Hybrid; Heat Tolerant; Seedless
85 days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Triple Treat F1 Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, Annual, F1 Hybrid, Heat Tolerant, Seedless, Mini Watermelon. No picnic is complete without Triple Treat! This seedless watermelon is the perfect mini-type with bright red flesh and a crispy texture. Weighs about 8-10 lbs. Approximately 225 Seeds / Ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Charleston Grey74–100 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
Resistance: HR: Anthracnose; Fusarium Wilt
87 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Charleston Grey Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, Picnic watermelon. Resistant to Anthracnose, Fusarium Wilt. Charleston Grey watermelon was introduced in 1954 by the Southeastern Vegetable Breeding Laboratory of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston Grey produces fruits that are large, light greenish grey, 28-35 lbs., cylindrical-shaped, 22" long by 10 in. across. ~315 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Sangria Hybrid74–100 days
Vegetable; Annual; Hybrid
Resistance: HR: Anthracnose (1); Fusarium Wilt (Race 0,1,2)
87 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Sangria Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, hybrid, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. Resistant to Anthracnose (1), Fusarium Wilt (Race 0,1,2). Gardeners grow the “Gold Standard” to have ready before Labor Day. This warm-season oval melon can grow just over 20 lbs and is sturdier than other large varieties. As the leader of watermelon hybrids, their Non-GMO seeds develop into fruit sweeter than the Crimson Watermelon. Eat fresh off the plate or made it into a summer wine from a sangria watermelon recipe. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Bush Sugar Baby75–85 days
Heirloom; Fruit; Annual
75 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Bush Sugar Baby Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, Icebox watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). Bush Sugar Baby is an early watermelon for those limited on space, but not taste. This perfect little melon has only 3-4' vines and bears two 12 lb melons per plant. Light striping, great blue-black skin with contrasting sweet red, firm flesh.. ~520 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Peacock Improved75–101 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
88 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Peacock Improved Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. AKA: Peacock Improved Shipper. A popular heirloom watermelon in the southwestern region of the USA. It produces hardy fruits that are particularly well suited to being shipped. About 585 seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Red Amber F175–101 days
Seedless; Crimson sweet type; 16-20 lbs
Resistance: IR: Anthractnose (1); Fusarium Wilt (0,1)
Seedless, medium-green striped fruits with crisp, dark red interior flesh. Fruit is uniform and oval shaped, averaging 16-20 lbs at harvest. Flesh is firm and juicy with an exceptionally sweet flavor. Plants are resilient, vigorous and high-yielding. An organic, seedless variety with optimal commercial performance. Pollinator provided
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Sweet Beauty Hybrid75–80 days
AAS Winner; Vegetable; Annual; hybrid
75-80 days. Citrullus lanatus. Sweet Beauty Hybrid Watermelon seeds are tender annuals with active vines that spread 10 feet long and can grow 3 feet tall! This hybrid variety falls into the mini size category and is considered a watermelon suitable for serving one to two people. Sweet Beauty Hybrid seeds grow to be only 7 lbs and develop a crispy and almost honey-sweet flavor. This late summer variety has non-GMO seeds and matures faster than other watermelons. These hybrid seeds grow into an oblong shape with a forest-green exterior. In general, the sweet ruby-red fruit of watermelon helps boost heart health and hydration. Summer annuals such as Sweet Beauty Hybrid Watermelons can be ready to serve in 77 days from the sowing date.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸All Sweet76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
Plant produces good yields of 25 lb watermelons - Has bright red flesh - Perfect for making Watermelon Candy (see how to here) - Extremely flavorful and extra sweet with a tough rind (helps keep it fruit from bruising) - Perfect variety for any sized home garden (even market growers) Days to Maturity | 90 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Black Diamond76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
Watermelon, Black Diamond (100% Heirloom/Non-Hybrid/Non-GMO) Popular large heirloom watermelon with semi-oval shape than can weigh up to 30 lbs. - Dark green, tough rind - Bright red, firm and very sweet flesh - Thick vines provide lots of sunburn protection Day to Maturity | 90 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Bush Jubilee76–104 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
90 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Bush Jubilee Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, Icebox watermelon. Vines spread 3-5 ft. Produces watermelons that are about 10-13 lbs. Bush variety of Jubilee Watermelon. Regular Jubilee watermelon produces melons up to 35 lbs and can be well over a 1' long. They have light green skin with dark green stripes. The flesh is red and very sweet. ~225 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Cal Sweet76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Cal Sweet is one of the sweetest and most popular watermelon varieties available, a commercial grower favorite that sells well at farmers markets. The oblong fruit has dark green stripes over a lighter green rind with crisp, bright red flesh, typically weighing about 20-25 lbs. Watermelons are heat-loving plants that grow on long vines, so give them plenty of room. Matures in about 90 days.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Cal Sweet Bush AAS76–104 days
AAS Winner; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; seeded
90 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Cal Sweet Bush AAS Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, Mini watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots and large containers (minimum 7 gal soil). What a treat it is to grow a bush watermelon on your patio! Any urban gardener can grow fresh watermelons! The next time you think of summer and want to grow your own sweet watermelon, pick up this short-vined, 2019 AAS winner.. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Jubilee76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Jubilee is a very long shaped watermelon Deep red flesh Grows up to appx. 40 lbs Days to Maturity | 90 days Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Moon & Stars (Red-flesh)76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Moon & Stars Watermelon dark green rind and bright yellow spots. - Yellow spots are very unique and can be small or large in size. - All American classic heirloom watermelon. Deep red flesh. Grows over 40 lbs! Day to Maturity | 90 days Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Moon & Stars (Yellow-flesh)76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Moon & Stars is an All-American classic heirloom watermelon with a dark green rind speckled with bright yellow spots that vary from small (the stars) to large (the moon). This yellow-fleshed selection has deep yellow flesh and can grow over 40 lbs. Watermelons are heat-loving plants that grow on long vines, so give them plenty of space to roam. Matures in about 90 days.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Shiny Boy Hybrid (treated)76–104 days
AAS Winner; Vegetable; Annual; hybrid; heat-tolerant; seeded
90 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Treated Shiny Boy Hybrid Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, hybrid, heat-tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. 2010 Vegetable AAS Winner. Known to grow in the garden as a generous crop that keeps on giving. This Shiny Boy type has non-GMO seeds and produces a high yield of marble-shaped melons with a green-striped polished rind and bright-red fruit. ~607 seeds/oz. This seed is treated with a fungicide designed to prevent or reduce seed rot in the soil. It does not affect the plant or the produce from the plant. This seed is intended for planting only. Do not eat this seed or use it for oil or animal feed. Keep this seed out of the reach of children. Wash hands after handling.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tendersweet (Orange-flesh)76–104 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Tendersweet Watermelon is a classic heirloom variety prized for its stunning dark orange flesh and exceptional sweetness. These melons grow impressively large—up to 35 lbs—making them perfect for feeding a crowd. Reaching maturity in just 90 days, they thrive in full sun and warm conditions. Plant them with plenty of space to sprawl along their long vines. Ideal for gardeners seeking a reliable, delicious watermelon that delivers consistent flavor and impressive size year after year. The Tendersweet Watermelon is a classic heirloom variety with dark orange flesh. Very sweet and delicious Grows up to 35 lbs! Days to Maturity | 90 days Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Tendersweet Orange76–104 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
Citrullus lanatus (90 days) Yummalicious orange, crisp, sweet, watermelon that is not only colorful, but also intensely tasty.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Striped Klondike Blue Ribbon77–80 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; seeded
77-80 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Striped Klondike Blue Ribbon Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. First bred in California, these durable plants can withstand slightly cooler summer temperatures and are able to adapt and tolerate sunburn. Although these melons are seeded, the texture of Klondike Striped Blue Ribbon Watermelons is smooth and produces a less fibrous fruit. These heirloom plants can grow up to 30 lb oblong fruits. ~410 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Carolina Cross81–109 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
(Citrullus lanatus) This is a HUGE watermelon variety that can grow up to 200 LBS! - Very flavorful crisp bright red flesh - The rind is striped and resistant to bruising Days to Maturity | 95 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Congo81–109 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Super easy to grow
A 1950 All-America Selections Winner - These Congo watermelon seeds will produce a plant full of 35 lb watermelons - Very tough rind that will resist bruising - Extremely delicious Days to Maturity | 95 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Georgia Rattlesnake81–109 days
Can tolerate hot temperatures; Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Has stripes that resemble that of a rattlesnake - hence the name All-time heirloom favorite Grows up to 35 lbs The rind is striped and resistant to bruising Days to Maturity | 95 days Best Months to Plant | [April - June] Watermelons are heat-loving plants that need lots of sun. They grow on a long vine, so make sure to give them plenty of space to roam around. Follow SeedsNow.com's board Watermelon on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Hime Kansen Hybrid81–109 days
Vegetable; Annual; hybrid; heat tolerant; seeded
95 days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Non-GMO, hybrid, heat-tolerant, seeded icebox watermelon. This Japanese variety is sized to fit in a refrigerator and has long been a specialty in Japan. It features an extremely thin rind, excellent shipping ability, and a high Brix count of about 12 for sweet flavor.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Moon & Stars (Organic)81–109 days
Heirloom; Organic; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; seeded
95 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Organic Moon & Stars Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, organic, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. These medium-sized heirloom plants can grow 25-30 lbs. Organic Moon and Stars Watermelons are known to be among the sweetest in flavor, even though they are larger in size. This majestic heirloom variety is worth the time it takes to grow as your summer watermelon crop. Moon and Stars Watermelon seeds grow into sweet Fuschia-red fruit with a juicy texture and an oval-shaped exterior. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Golden Honey85–88 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
85-88 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Golden Honey Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Golden Honey is a sweet and sugary treat. This 10 by 12 inch in diameter watermelon is the perfect yellow flesh watermelon. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Mountain Sweet85–100 days
Heirloom; Non-GMO; Vegetable; Annual
85-100 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Mountain Sweet Yellow Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, picnic watermelon. Suitable for growing in garden plots. 2004 Seed Saver Inventory says... "Yellow fleshed version of Mountain Sweet which was popular in the 1840's in markets throughout New Jersey, PA and NY, large striped fruit with deep yellow flesh, high sugar content, sweet and tasty, 20-35 pounds." ~320 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Black Diamond Yellow Belly90–95 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; heat tolerant; open-pollinated; seeded
90 - 95 Days to maturity. Citrullus lanatus. Black Diamond Yellow Belly Watermelon Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, heat tolerant, seeded, giant watermelon. This watermelon has red flesh with a dark blue-black rind and grows to be 30-50 lbs. The rind will turn yellow where it rests on the ground as it ripens. ~400 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Moon and Stars95–100 days
10-15 lbs
Extremely popular heirloom with sweet flavor and attractive yellow spots. Dark green rind and foliage are decorated with large yellow spots (moons) and smaller ones (stars). Flesh is dark red with excellent flavor and a thick protective rind. Large, oblong fruits can grow to enormous sizes, up to 40 lbs. Requires warm temperatures to set fruit. Introduced in 1926 by Henderson Seed Company.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from transplanting, add 10-14 days if direct seeding. Watermelons are warm-season, tender annuals that require fertile soils with lots of organic matter, moisture and full sun. Seeds germinate when soil has reached 85°F. Harden off by reducing temperature and water. Plant outdoors when all danger of frost has passed. Plastic mulch and floating row cover are useful in cool climates. Harvest when tendril by fruit dies back, ground spot turns yellow and blossom end softens slightly. Triploid (seedless) watermelons require a pollinator cultivar companion plant with comparable days to maturity.
View on High Mowing ↗
Plan your watermelon planting
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Storing & preserving
Refrigerate ripe fruit; ripen firm fruit at room temperature.
- Freeze: Freezes well raw; spread on a tray first so pieces stay loose.
- Preserve: Make jam or water-bath can high-acid fruit.
- Dry: Dehydrate or air-dry, then store airtight away from light.
General home-preservation guidance — for tested processing times and safety, follow the National Center for Home Food Preservation.
Growing timeline
Companion planting — with cited sources
From US/Canada cooperative-extension publications and peer-reviewed studies. Evidence-tier dots show how strongly each recommendation is backed: ●●● peer-reviewed mechanism · ●● extension consensus · ● traditional knowledge with a plausible mechanism.
Pairs well with (1)
- CowpeaEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionsn-fixation, predator-attract
Cowpea intercropped with cucurbits provides nitrogen via Bradyrhizobium symbiosis and supports populations of generalist predators that reduce cucumber beetle pressure. Documented in southeastern US extension and SARE-funded watermelon trials.
Region: Southern and mid-Atlantic US.
Avoid planting near (2)
- Common CucumberEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionsdisease-host, alternate-host-pest
Cucurbit crops share major pests (cucumber beetles, squash bugs, vine borer) and diseases (downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt vectored by cucumber beetles). Co-planting different cucurbits in the same bed compounds pressure rather than reducing it.
Source: S1, S7, UMass Center for Agriculture
- Common PotatoEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationdisease-host
Both crops are susceptible to Fusarium and Verticillium soilborne wilt complexes. Extension rotation guidance groups cucurbits and Solanaceae into separate rotation blocks to limit shared soilborne disease build-up.
Source: S1
Trap crops for this plant (2)
- Blue Hubbard SquashEvidence tier A: Peer-reviewed studies in US/Canada production conditions with a clear mechanismtrap-crop
Perimeter plantings of Blue Hubbard (Cucurbita maxima) function as a highly attractive trap crop for striped cucumber beetle and squash bug, intercepting more than 65% of beetles and 90% of squash bugs in replicated USDA-ARS and UVM trials with melon, and allowing border-spray management while protecting the cash crop.
Timing: Establish Blue Hubbard perimeter 1-2 weeks ahead of cash melons to ensure beetles arrive at the trap first.
Region: Documented in Northeast, Midwest, and mid-South melon production.
Source: University of Vermont Extension, UMass Center for Agriculture, USDA ARS
- Common RadishEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionstrap-crop, pest-deter
Interplanting radish with cucurbits has been shown to reduce striped cucumber beetle damage in several extension and SARE-funded trials. Radish acts as an alternate feeding host and also flowers can attract beneficials. The effect is partial and context-dependent.
Timing: Sow radish at the same time as melon transplant to provide cover during the beetle's most damaging early-vine stage.
Source: SARE, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Sources cited
- S1
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension — vegetable production guides
- S11
- University of Georgia Cooperative Extension
- S14
- University of Vermont Extension
- S15
- UMass Center for Agriculture (UMass Extension)
- S18
- SARE (Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education)
- S20
- USDA ARS (Agricultural Research Service) publications
- S25
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- S7
- University of Minnesota Extension
Care & troubleshooting— extension-sourced, with citations
When to feed, prune & water
Attract beneficial insects and protect pollinators
Protection- Routine carePlant insectary flowers and tolerate light pestsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Grow a diversity of flowering plants (including small-flowered umbels and asters) to feed predators and parasitoids, and tolerate low pest numbers so natural enemies have prey to stick around.
- Routine careNever spray open bloomsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Avoid insecticides on flowering plants and apply any needed sprays in the evening when pollinators aren't active, and favor selective products over broad-spectrum ones to spare bees and beneficials.
Mulch and water the squash family
Watering- Routine careDeep weekly watering· every 1 wk · ~12 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cucurbits are thirsty and shallow-rooted. Water deeply about weekly (more in heat), at the base to keep foliage dry and slow mildew.
- Routine careMulch to hold moisturemoderate evidence — extension confidence
Lay straw or leaf mulch once established to even out soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep fruit off bare soil.
Plan crop rotation
Rotation- Routine careRotate plant families between bedsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Avoid planting the same family in the same bed in consecutive years (aim for a 3+ year gap), grouping crops by family so soilborne diseases and pests that build up don't carry over to the next susceptible crop.
- Routine careSequence for soil healthmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Follow heavy feeders like tomatoes and brassicas with legumes or a cover crop to support soil fertility and structure, and keep simple notes each year so you can track where each family grew.
Protect the garden from deer
Protection- Routine careFence the gardenstrong evidence — extension confidence
A fence about 8 feet tall and tight to the ground is the most reliable barrier; an outward-angled or double fence, or monofilament line strung at 30 to 36 inches, can also deter deer on smaller beds.
- Routine careRotate repellents as a supplement· every 2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Where fencing isn't feasible, apply odor/taste repellents and alternate formulations, reapplying every couple of weeks and after rain; combining repellents with fencing works best.
Water deeply at fruiting
Watering- Routine careProvide steady deep watering during fruiting· every 3 daysstrong evidence — extension confidence
Once plants begin flowering and setting fruit, supply about 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week in deep soakings rather than light sprinkles, ideally at the base; even moisture reduces cracking, blossom-end rot, and bitter or misshapen fruit.
Clean up debris and sanitize at season end
SanitationUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careRemove spent plants and fallen debrisstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pull and clear old plants, dropped fruit, and leaf litter at season end, since many pests and diseases overwinter in this debris; dispose of diseased material rather than composting it.
- Routine careClean tools, stakes, and cagesmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Wash and sanitize stakes, cages, and tools that touched diseased plants before storing or reusing them to avoid carrying pathogens into next season.
Cutworm collars at transplant
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careSet a collar around each new transplantstrong evidence — extension confidence
When setting out transplants, slip a collar (a toilet-paper tube, paper cup with the bottom cut out, or similar) around each stem and press it a couple inches into the soil so it stands a few inches above ground, blocking cutworms from the stem.
Floating row cover timing
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careCover at planting and seal the edgesstrong evidence — extension confidence
Lay floating row cover over the crop right at seeding or transplanting and bury the edges with soil so pests can't get under; don't cover ground where the same crop grew last year, since overwintered pupae would emerge inside.
- Routine careRemove at flowering for pollinated cropsstrong evidence — extension confidence
On crops that need insect pollination, take the cover off once flowering begins so bees can reach the blooms; on self-pollinated or leafy crops you can leave it longer.
Harden off seedlings
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careGradually expose plants to the outdoors· every 1 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Starting about two weeks before transplanting, set seedlings outside in a sheltered, shady spot for a few hours and lengthen their time and sun exposure each day, avoiding windy days, to prevent transplant shock.
- Routine careEase back on water and transplant on a mild daystrong evidence — extension confidence
Water a little less during hardening (without letting plants wilt) to toughen growth, then transplant in late afternoon or on a cool, cloudy, calm day.
Trellis vining crops
SupportUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careInstall supports at planting timestrong evidence — extension confidence
Set up the trellis, netting, or teepee when you sow or transplant so roots aren't disturbed later; pole beans and tall peas need a sturdy 6-8 foot structure, while trellised cucumbers do best with smaller-fruited varieties.
- Routine careGuide young vines onto the support· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
As shoots run, gently steer them onto the trellis and loosely tie any that don't grab on; keeping vines and fruit off the ground improves airflow and yields cleaner produce.
Something looks wrong?
Describe what you see on your watermelonand we'll rank the likely causes — most likely first, least-invasive fix first.
Cucurbit bacterial wilt
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove wilting plants and control beetlesstrong evidence — extension confidence
There's no cure once a plant is infected, so pull and discard wilting vines; the key is managing cucumber beetles, which carry the bacterium, since beetle control is the most effective way to prevent wilt.
- CulturalProtect young plants with row coverstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cover seedlings with floating row cover to keep beetles off during the vulnerable early stages, removing it at flowering so pollinators can reach the blooms.
Gummy Stem Blight / Black Rot (Cucurbits)
Diseasesevere- CulturalRotate, sanitize, and use clean seedstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use disease-free seed and rotate at least 2 years away from cucurbits, removing and destroying infected vines and fruit since the fungus survives in debris and seed. This is a prevention/management problem, not a cure.
- CulturalKeep foliage drystrong evidence — extension confidence
Switch to drip irrigation and space plants for airflow so leaves dry quickly, since free moisture drives infection.
Phytophthora blight (root and crown rot)
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove affected plants at first sign (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
Infected plants can't be saved; promptly pull and destroy them at the start of an outbreak to slow spread, and avoid working in beds when wet.
- CulturalImprove drainage and avoid waterloggingstrong evidence — extension confidence
Plant on raised beds, never let beds stay saturated, and water with drip rather than flooding, since this water mold thrives in standing water and saturated soil.
- CulturalRotate and choose tolerant varietiesmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Rotate out of peppers, cucurbits, and tomatoes for at least three years where the disease has occurred, and select tolerant or resistant varieties when available.
Phytophthora Fruit & Crown Rot (Cucurbits)
Diseasesevere- CulturalImprove drainage and avoid waterloggingstrong evidence — extension confidence
Plant on raised, well-drained beds, avoid low wet spots, and lengthen intervals between irrigations, since this water mold thrives in saturated soil. Once established it is very hard to control, so prevention is key.
- CulturalRotate and avoid infested fieldsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Avoid sites with a Phytophthora history and rotate to non-host crops (avoid cucurbits, peppers, tomato, eggplant), since the oospores survive in soil for years.
- ChemicalApply oomycete-targeted fungicide preventively· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
As part of an integrated program, apply an oomycete-active fungicide (e.g., mefenoxam or phosphonate class) preventively before wet weather, rotating modes of action per the label.
Pickleworm (Southern Cucurbits)
Pestsevere- CulturalPlant early and use trap/less-preferred cropsstrong evidence — extension confidence
In southern regions plant early to harvest before populations build, prefer less-susceptible types (e.g., butternut), and remove infested fruit promptly, since larvae feed inside the fruit.
- OrganicTreat early before larvae bore in· every 5 daysmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Scout flowers and apply a Bt (B. thuringiensis kurstaki) product targeting young larvae before they enter fruit, since internal feeders are protected once inside; repeat per the label.
- ChemicalApply insecticide on a tight schedule under heavy pressure· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Where pressure is severe, apply a labeled insecticide (e.g., pyrethroid or spinosyn class) timed to flowering and small larvae, per the label, rotating classes.
Root-knot nematodes
Nematodesevere- CulturalConfirm with a soil test, then rotate (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
Root-knot nematodes can't be eradicated from garden soil, so confirm via a county Extension nematode assay and rotate beds to non-hosts or resistant varieties (look for VFN-type resistance in tomato).
- CulturalPlant suppressive cover/rotation cropsmoderate evidence — extension confidence
A solid planting of French marigolds grown 2+ months and turned under, or cover crops such as sorghum-sudangrass or cowpea, can lower populations between susceptible crops.
- CulturalSanitation and organic mattermoderate evidence — extension confidence
Avoid moving infested soil on tools or transplants, build soil organic matter to support beneficial organisms, and keep plants well watered to help them tolerate root damage.
Southern blight
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove infected plants and surrounding soil (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
Once a plant collapses it can't be cured; dig out the plant plus the top few inches of nearby soil containing sclerotia and dispose of it, avoiding spread on tools.
- CulturalBury residue and rotatemoderate evidence — extension confidence
Deep-turn soil to bury sclerotia, remove crop debris at season end, and rotate susceptible solanaceous and legume crops with grasses for several seasons.
- CulturalAdjust soil pH and plant earlymoderate evidence — extension confidence
Maintain soil pH at the level recommended for the crop, since the disease is worse in low-pH soils, and time plantings so harvest begins before peak summer heat favors the fungus.
Squash vine borer
Pestsevere- CulturalRow-cover early; bury nodes for backup rootsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cover plants until flowering to block the egg-laying moth, then hand-pollinate or uncover. Mounding soil over vine nodes lets the plant re-root past a borer.
White mold (Sclerotinia stem rot)
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove infected plants (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
There's no cure for an infected plant; cut out and bag affected plants including the black sclerotia, and don't compost them, since sclerotia survive years in soil.
- CulturalOpen the canopy and rotatestrong evidence — extension confidence
Space plants widely, control weeds, orient rows to prevailing wind, and avoid overhead watering at bloom to dry the canopy; rotate to non-host crops (corn or other grasses) for several years.
- CulturalWater at the base, not overheadmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Use drip or soaker irrigation to keep foliage and the soil surface drier, which discourages the sclerotia germination and mycelial growth that drive white mold.
Angular Leaf Spot (Cucurbits, bacterial)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalUse clean seed, rotate, avoid working wet plantsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Plant certified pathogen-free seed, rotate 2-3 years away from cucurbits, and never cultivate or harvest while foliage is wet, since this bacterial disease spreads in water and on hands and tools. Bacterial diseases are managed, not cured.
- CulturalAvoid overhead irrigationstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use drip irrigation and space plants for rapid drying, since splashing water spreads the bacteria.
- ChemicalApply copper preventively in warm humid weather· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
During warm, moist periods that favor disease, apply a fixed-copper bactericide preventively to slow spread, per the label; copper suppresses but does not eliminate the bacterium.
Anthracnose fruit rot
Diseasemoderate- CulturalMulch, stake, and harvest promptlystrong evidence — extension confidence
Stake and mulch to keep fruit off the soil, avoid overhead watering, and pick ripe fruit promptly; rotate out of the affected family for at least a year and remove infected debris.
- OrganicApply a labeled fungicide on schedule· every 1 wk · ~4 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
From first fruit set onward, apply a labeled fungicide per the label on a regular schedule, covering fruit and leaf undersides, especially in extended wet weather.
Botrytis gray mold
Diseasemoderate- CulturalRemove infected tissue and old blossomsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Prune out moldy leaves, stems, and fruit and clear fallen blossoms and debris where the fungus gets started, disposing of them rather than composting.
- CulturalImprove airflow and reduce leaf wetnessstrong evidence — extension confidence
Space and stake plants for good air movement, water at the base in the morning, and harvest ripe fruit promptly so botrytis has fewer cool, humid, wet surfaces to colonize.
Cucumber beetle
Pestmoderate- CulturalRow-cover early; clean up debrisstrong evidence — extension confidence
These beetles also spread bacterial wilt, so block them with netting on young plants and remove garden debris where they overwinter.
- OrganicLabeled insecticide for heavy pressure - label use only· every 1 wk · ~2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If wilt risk is high, a labeled product applied in the evening protects pollinators. Follow the label.
Damping-off (seedlings)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalDry out, ventilate, sow into clean mixstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use sterile seed-starting mix, bottom-water and let the surface dry between waterings, add airflow, and don't over-sow. Damping-off can't be cured once a seedling collapses.
Downy mildew
Diseasemoderate- CulturalSpace, prune, and water at the basestrong evidence — extension confidence
Improve airflow, remove infected leaves, and keep foliage dry. Resistant cucumber varieties help next season.
- ChemicalLabeled downy-mildew fungicide - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
In wet seasons a labeled fungicide on a 7-day schedule slows spread. Follow the label.
Iron deficiency (interveinal chlorosis)
Deficiencymoderate- CulturalTest and address soil pHstrong evidence — extension confidence
Iron is present but unavailable in high-pH soils, so test soil pH and, for the affected bed, lower pH toward the crop's preferred range (especially important for acid-loving blueberries) rather than just adding iron.
- OrganicUse chelated iron for a quick correction· every 2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
A foliar spray or soil drench of chelated iron can green up new growth per the label; soil-applied ferrous iron quickly oxidizes and becomes unavailable in high-pH soil, so chelate plus pH management works best.
Mosaic virus
Virusmoderate- CulturalRemove infected plants promptlystrong evidence — extension confidence
There's no cure, so pull and discard plants showing mosaic symptoms to limit spread, and wash hands and tools after handling them; control aphids that vector these viruses.
- CulturalUse resistant varieties and clean up weedsmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Where mosaic is a recurring problem, choose resistant varieties and remove weedy hosts nearby that can carry the virus over.
Potassium deficiency
Deficiencymoderate- CulturalConfirm with a soil test firststrong evidence — extension confidence
Edge scorch on older leaves has several causes, so get a soil test before adding potassium; over-applying can lock out magnesium and calcium.
- OrganicApply potassium per soil-test guidancemoderate evidence — extension confidence
If the test confirms low potassium, apply a potassium source (such as sulfate of potash) at the labeled/test-recommended rate and keep watering even, since drought worsens uptake.
Powdery mildew
Diseasemoderate- CulturalImprove airflow + remove worst leavesstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cut out the most heavily coated leaves and thin for airflow; avoid wetting foliage late in the day.
- OrganicPotassium-bicarbonate or sulfur - label use only· every 1 wk · ~4 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Apply a labeled potassium-bicarbonate or sulfur fungicide weekly per the label. No sulfur within 2 weeks of oil or in high heat.
Root rot from overwatering / poor drainage
Diseasemoderate- CulturalLet soil drain and water lessstrong evidence — extension confidence
Water root rots like Pythium thrive in saturated soil, so cut back watering, let the surface dry between irrigations, and water at the base rather than keeping soil constantly wet.
- CulturalImprove drainage and aerationstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use raised beds, loosen compacted soil, and add organic matter to improve drainage; remove plants that are already rotted since affected roots won't recover.
Scab (Cucurbits)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalPlant resistant cultivars and rotatestrong evidence — extension confidence
Use scab-resistant cucumber cultivars where available and rotate 2-3 years to non-cucurbit crops, removing crop debris to lower spore carryover.
- CulturalPromote rapid dryingstrong evidence — extension confidence
Choose well-drained sites with good air movement, avoid overhead irrigation and dense canopies, and avoid handling plants when wet.
Slugs & snails
Pestmoderate- CulturalTrap, hand-pick at night, reduce cover· every 2 days · ~3 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pick at night with a flashlight, set shallow beer traps, water in the morning so soil dries by dusk, and clear damp hiding spots.
- OrganicIron-phosphate bait - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Scatter a labeled iron-phosphate slug bait sparingly per the label; it's pet- and wildlife-safer than metaldehyde.
Spider mites
Pestmoderate- CulturalHose down and raise humidity· every 3 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Mites thrive in hot, dry, dusty conditions. Spray foliage (especially undersides) with water to dislodge them and reduce dust.
- OrganicInsecticidal soap or horticultural oil - label use only· every 5 days · ~2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Apply to undersides per label; mites resist many products, so soaps/oils are preferred. Not in extreme heat.
Squash bug
Pestmoderate- CulturalCrush eggs, trap adults, hand-pick· every 3 days · ~4 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Scrape off the coppery egg clusters, lay a board by the base and collect bugs under it each morning. Easiest controlled early.
Stink bugs (brown marmorated and native)
Pestmoderate- CulturalExclude with row cover and clear nearby weedsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cover susceptible crops with floating row cover before bugs arrive, and remove weeds and groundcover near the garden in early spring where stink bugs feed before moving to crops. Lift covers on flowering crops that need pollination.
- CulturalHand-pick bugs and egg masses· every 3 daysstrong evidence — extension confidence
Scout in the morning and drop adults, nymphs, and egg clusters into a bucket of soapy water; regular hand-picking keeps low populations in check since most garden insecticides work poorly on adults.
- OrganicSpot-treat young nymphs if numbers climb· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If small nymphs are abundant, a botanical such as pyrethrin or azadirachtin, or insecticidal oil, may give some suppression per the label; adults are largely unaffected, so rely mainly on exclusion and hand-picking.
Thrips on fruiting vegetables
Pestmoderate- CulturalRemove weed and crop reservoirsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Control flowering weeds in and around the garden and remove spent host crops promptly, since thrips build up on these and move onto fruiting vegetables; avoid planting next to onions, garlic, or cereals where thrips numbers spike.
- CulturalKeep plants vigorous and rinse foliagemoderate evidence — extension confidence
Water and feed adequately so plants tolerate feeding, and a forceful water spray can knock down populations; reflective mulch can also deter thrips from settling on young plants.
- OrganicTreat with spinosad or oil if needed· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If thrips are damaging growing points or fruit, spinosad or insecticidal soap/oil can help per the label; rotate modes of action and avoid spraying open blooms to protect pollinators and natural enemies.
Whiteflies
Pestmoderate- CulturalRemove infested leaves and hose off· every 4 daysmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Pick off and discard heavily infested lower leaves and rinse colonies off undersides with a strong spray of water; yellow sticky cards help monitor numbers.
- OrganicApply a labeled soap or oil· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Apply a labeled insecticidal soap or neem oil per the label, covering leaf undersides; these reduce but won't eliminate whiteflies, so repeat as needed.
Cutworms
PestmoderateUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalPlace stem collars on transplantsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Push a collar (cardboard tube, can, or cup with bottom removed) a couple inches into the soil around each stem so it extends a few inches above ground; this blocks cutworms from reaching the stem.
- CulturalScout soil and hand-remove· every 3 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
In the evening or early morning, check the soil around damaged plants and remove curled larvae by hand; tilling beds about two weeks before planting also reduces larvae and pupae.
- OrganicApply a labeled Bt or spinosad· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If damage continues, apply a labeled Bacillus thuringiensis (kurstaki) or spinosad product per the label, targeting small larvae; Bt works best on young first- and second-instar cutworms.
Phosphorus deficiency
DeficiencymoderateUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalCheck soil test and soil temperaturestrong evidence — extension confidence
Purpling in cold spring soils is often temporary, since cold roots can't take up phosphorus that's actually present; warm weather usually resolves it, so confirm a true shortage with a soil test before adding phosphorus.
- OrganicAdd phosphorus only if the test calls for itmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If low phosphorus is confirmed, work a phosphorus source into the root zone per the test recommendation, and keep soil pH in range since extreme pH ties up phosphorus.
Aphids
Pestlow- CulturalBlast off with water· every 3 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Knock colonies off with a strong jet of water in the morning; repeat every few days. Light infestations rarely need more.
- OrganicInsecticidal soap - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
For persistent colonies apply insecticidal soap to undersides per label. Avoid open flowers.
Edema (oedema)
Disorderlow- CulturalBalance watering and humiditystrong evidence — extension confidence
Edema comes from the plant taking up more water than it releases, not a pathogen, so water less often and water in the morning so roots aren't taking up water faster than leaves transpire on cool, humid days.
- CulturalImprove airflow and drainagestrong evidence — extension confidence
Space plants for good air movement, improve soil and container drainage, and avoid overcrowding under cover; affected leaves won't recover but new growth comes in normally once conditions balance.
Magnesium deficiency
Deficiencylow- CulturalConfirm with a soil test, then correct· every 2 wks · ~4 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Interveinal yellowing on older leaves suggests magnesium. Confirm with a test; if low, a dilute Epsom-salt foliar spray is a short-term fix while you amend the soil.
Nitrogen deficiency
Deficiencylow- CulturalFeed with balanced fertilizer· every 2 wks · ~4 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Apply a balanced organic fertilizer or fish emulsion; new growth greens up within ~2 weeks. Don't overcorrect.
Poor cucurbit fruit set
Disorderlow- CulturalHand-pollinate in the morning· every 2 days · ~2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
On a dry morning when flowers are open, transfer pollen from a male flower (slim stem) to the center of each female flower (tiny fruit behind the bloom) with a small brush or by touching the bloom directly.
- CulturalSupport pollinators and wait out heatmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Avoid spraying insecticides during bloom and plant flowers to draw bees; very high heat skews plants toward male flowers, so set usually improves as temperatures moderate.
Transplant shock
DisorderlowUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalWater in well and provide shade· every 1 days · ~1 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Water transplants in thoroughly at planting and keep the root zone evenly moist for the first week or two, and provide temporary shade during hot, sunny, or windy spells to reduce stress while roots establish.
- CulturalHarden off and plant gently next timestrong evidence — extension confidence
Most plants recover on their own; to prevent recurrence, harden off seedlings before planting, set them out in mild weather or evening, and avoid disturbing the roots when transplanting.