Radish
Radish is a vegetable in the Brassicaceae family. It grows best in full sun with medium moisture, and is listed for USDA zones 2-13. Plants reach harvest about 6–90 days after planting and sit about 3 inches apart.
Varieties
53 from True Leaf Market, High Mowing & Seeds Now · sorted by days to maturity▸Rambo6–10 days
Heirloom / Open Pollinated; Organic
6-10 days. Organic Rambo Radish is another striking radish that boasts the same wonderful dark cotyledons as Sango radish. The rosy stems and bright floral flavor add both a tasty and spicy flair. Use instead of sliced radish anywhere you would normally use radish. Certified Organic.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Green Stem8–12 days
Container; Vegetable; Annual; Sprout; Open Pollinated; Heirloom
8-12 Days to microgreen harvest. Raphanus Raphanistrum Sativus. Green Stem Radish Seeds. Annual, Non-GMO, Open Pollinated, Heirloom. These Green Stem Radishes are specifically intended to be used for sprouting and microgreens. Very popular in Japan. The seedlings have very light green stems and green leaves. They are quick-growing, crisp, tender, and have a nice flavor and pungency. Maturity is 8 to 12 days for microgreens. Non-GMO, Open Pollinated, Heirloom. ~ 3,000 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Hong Vit10–20 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual; Sprout; Container
Radish Seeds - Hong Vit. Heirloom, Non-GMO. Annual. Raphanus sativus. Up to 10 days, 20 days baby leaf. Cool season. This variety is one of the most popular grown radish varieties for micro to full maturity. As a microgreen, it has green leaves with a red stem. For baby leaf greens, harvest the whole plant as the green leaves have minimal hair and the red roots are very small. ~ 3,500 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Purple Sango Radish10–15 days
▸Halloween Mix20–30 days
Container; Vegetable; Annual; Open Pollinated
Halloween Mix Radish Seeds. 20 - 30 days to maturity. Can be grown in containers. Raphanus sativus. Open Pollinated. Annual. Halloween Mix contains purple yellow black and white radishes. Approximately 6,800 seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Sora20–26 days
All season variety; Heat tolerant; Commercial quality; 1-1.25” round roots
A classic red radish with crisp, succulent roots. Sora is a reliable all-season radish, but particularly excels in hot and dry conditions when other varieties are easily stressed. High quality, uniform roots form attractive bunches and resist pithiness. From the breeders at HILD.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Cherry Belle21–29 days
Easy to grow; AAS Winner; Uniform .75-1” round roots
Classic, smooth, red bunching radish with attractive, crispy white flesh. Uniform roots are much less subject to pithiness than other radishes. Easy and fast to grow, with strong, widely adaptable tops. A well-loved heirloom from Holland that has long refrigerator storage, maintaining quality and flavor. An All-America Selections (AAS) winner.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Confetti Mix (Organic)21–29 days
Organic; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Raphanus sativas. (25 days) Confetti is a fast maturing, colorful blend of white, red and bi colored radishes with a remarkable crisp flavor.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸National 321–29 days
Bicolor; Resists cracking; All season production; 1” round roots
Mildly flavored, bicolor radish with delicious, juicy flesh and irresistible market appeal. Plants are exceptionally quick to mature and resist cracking. Roots are uniform and round with gorgeous white roots contrasting to bright reddish-pink shoulders. An absolute beauty when bunched. From Sativa Seeds.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Patricia21–29 days
Bicolor; Refined French Breakfast-type; All season production; 2-2.5" long roots
An improved French Breakfast-type with beautiful rosy-pink color and uniform, elongated roots. Cylindrical roots are mostly pink with flashy white taproots. Fast maturing with short tops, making for efficient bunching. Excellent uniformity with pleasant texture and enjoyable, mild flavor. A showstopper on a farmers market table. From the breeders at HILD.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Purple Plum21–29 days
Improved strain; Resists cracking; 1-1.5” round roots
Vibrant purple roots with crisp texture and excellent resistance to splitting and pithiness. This improved strain was grown from stock seed carefully selected by Turtle Tree for uniform root development and reliable maturity. The unique, bright purple skin contrasts beautifully to the pearl-white interior flesh. Vigorous, firm, and great for mixed bunches
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Valentine’s Day Blend21–29 days
HMOS EXCLUSIVE; Eye-catching blend for market
Well-balanced blend makes a sweet impression. An eye-catching blend sure to create a heartfelt sensation. Includes round red, pink, purple and white radishes for an early shot of color in an irresistible mixed bunch.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸French Breakfast22–30 days
Gourmet variety; 1-2” long roots
Eye-catching deep pink roots with bright white tips and excellent eating quality. A French classic with oblong, blunt-tipped shape and healthy radish spiciness. Try them raw with butter and salt, or butter poached with sourdough bread and fresh herbs. Harvest on time; may become pithy if harvested late.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Golden Helios22–30 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Golden Helios Radish Seeds. 26 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Heirloom, Annual. Radish Helios was named after the Greek god of the sun. This olive-shaped radish is bright yellow with a white flesh. About 6,800 seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Shirahime Hatsuka Daikon22–30 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
22 to 30 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Shirashime Hatsuka Daikon Radish Heirloom Seeds. Cool Season Annual. A uniquely small daikon radish, Shirashime Hatsuka is hardy, quick to harvest, and mildly flavored. This variety can be harvested 20 days after planting and can grow up to 4 inches long and 1/2 inch in diameter. They look a little bit like small white carrots! If your climate is mild, they can be grown year-round. Otherwise, sow in spring or early fall. Shirashime Hatsuka radishes are mild and excellent for eating raw. ~ 3,800 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Pink Beauty23–31 days
Uniform shape; 1-1.5” round roots
Bright pink radish with crisp, white flesh that completely resists pithiness. Flesh has a distinctive and delicious flavor with pleasant, tender texture even when grown to large size. Attractive round to oval shape and medium-sized tops. Early, eye-catching spring offering.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸White Icicle23–31 days
Mild, pointed roots; Improved vigor and uniformity; 3-4” long roots
Bright white radish for striking salads. Our improved strain from Swiss biodynamic seed company Sativa shows overall enhanced performance for a consistent harvest. Mild flavor and crunchy bite. Tops can be used as salad greens.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Lady Slipper24–32 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Non-GMO Heirloom Lady Slipper Radish is ready in 28 days. Beautiful soft-pink radish has an elongated body and roots. This radish has a smooth appearance and a crisp, mild, sweet flavor. Lady Slipper Radishes have a unique and striking appearance with a very mild taste. If you are looking to bring excitement to salads and veggie trays, this variety is it.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Raxe24–32 days
Improved round red; All season production; 1" round roots
Improved round red radish with excellent flavor and nice, radish bite. Does well when grown throughout the season, resisting cracking and pithiness. Uniform and smooth roots are excellent for commercial production. From the breeders at HILD.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Beauty, Purple25–30 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Produces beautiful purple radishes with a white flesh Looks amazing & Great for culinary dishes The flesh is crisp and mild in flavor Great for selling at farmers markets Unique and rare heirloom radish Grows well in containers and small spaces Days to Maturity | 25-30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Beauty, White25–30 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Produces white radishes that grow to 1.5" in diameter The white flesh is crisp and mild in flavor Great for selling at farmers markets Grows well in containers and small spaces Days to Maturity | 25-30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Champion25–30 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
AAS - All-America Selections Winner - The Champion Radish plant produces large and extremely tasty red cherry radishes They measure about the size of a silver dollar and have bright red solid skin One of the most popular and easiest radishes you can grow anywhere Grows well in small spaces Days to Maturity | 25-30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Easter Egg25–30 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Easter Egg Radish is just as the name suggests ... a mix of flavorful multi-colored radishes - Radishes are red, pink, purple, violet, and white - Excellent in salads - Extremely easy to grow - Grows well in small spaces Days to Maturity | 25-30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Easter Egg Blend25–30 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Non-GMO Easter Egg Blend Radish Seeds, Heirloom. Easter Egg Blend Radish Seeds are native to regions in Asia and were grown in Europe around 5,000 years ago. Freshly eaten radishes are known to provide a natural body cleanse and are rich in phytochemicals which promote digestive health. Radish was used in Ancient Chinese Medicine to cure respiratory illness. Easter Egg Blend Radish varieties thrive in cooler temperatures and will be one of the first colorful veggies to greet you in the garden. Easter Egg Radish plants are also great for pickling!
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸German Giant25–30 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
A customer favorite, Non- GMO German Giant Radish is reliable and large. Ready in 30 day, this variety is known for its size and can become as large as a baseball. Even though German Giant Radishes get large they do not get too fibrous like other radishes. Taste remain sweet and mild at large size as well.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸German Giant (Organic)25–33 days
Heirloom; Organic; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Raphanus R. sativus. (29 days) They call these radishes Giant for a reason! Delicious when they are the size of a quarter, but they can grow as large as a tennis ball!
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Sparkler25–30 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Sparkler Egg Radish is just as the name suggests ... a mix of round red and white radishes - Excellent in salads - Extremely easy to grow - Grows well in small spaces Days to Maturity | 25-30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Hailstone (White)26–34 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
Raphanus sativus. Plant produces flavorful white round radishes - Radishes have a mild taste - Easy to grow and only less than a month to grow - Crisp and tender - Excellent for salads and other culinary creations Days to Maturity | 30 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Crimson Giant29–40 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Raphanus sativus (29 to 40 days) Sometimes called Crimson "Giant Globe Radish" or "Giant Butter Radish". Crimson Giant Radish seeds grow large 1 1/2 - 2" globe shaped crimson red radishes. These great globes don't become hollow or pithy with their large size. Twice the size of Cherry Belle. The flavor is rich with a buttery texture yet mild and not hot. Approx. 2,625 seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Red Daikon (Ostergruss Rosa)30–45 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
30-45 days. Non-GMO, Heirloom. Red Daikon Radish Seeds (Ostergruss Rosa). Raphanus sativus. A tapered red radish measuring from 5 to 8 inches long. Bright white to pale rose, crisp flesh. Best planted in spring or fall. Can be grown over winter where the ground does not freeze. This remarkably potent garden radish is intended to keep you feeling and living your healthiest! Fresh and crisp, Red Daikon radish gives a boost when juicing. A great choice for microgreens also.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Red Arrow34–46 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual; open-pollinated
40 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Red Arrow Radish Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom, winter radish. While this variety was developed for its bright red stems at the microgreen stage, it can still be grown as a Japanese Daikon-type root radish with pink skin and a white core. Unlike other spicy varieties, Red Arrow is only mildly spicy. ~ 2,800 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Daikon Minowase38–52 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
Raphanus sativus (45 days) AKA Japanese Minowase Daikon Radish. Daikon is a root vegetable reported to have originated in the Mediterranean and brought to China for cultivation around 500 B.C. Roots are large, often 2 to 4 inches in diameter and 6 to 20 inches long. Very easy to grow. Approx. 2,675 seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Japanese Minowase/Daikon "Big Root"38–52 days
Direct sow; Grows well in full sun; Grows well with containers; Grows well with raised beds; Matures in <90 days; Start indoors; Super easy to grow
The Japanese Minowase is a GIANT sized white radish - Mild flavor - World record size radish - The roots grow as long as 24" long x 3" across Days to Maturity | 45 days Additional Details Radishes are rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid, and potassium. They are a good source of vitamin B6, riboflavin, magnesium, copper, and calcium. One cup of sliced red radish bulbs provides approximately 20 calories, largely from carbohydrates Follow SeedsNow.com's board Radishes on Pinterest.
View on Seeds Now ↗▸Schwarzer Runder45–50 days
Winter radish; Stores well; 2.5-3" round roots
Unusual jet-black skin makes a gorgeous contrast with the bright white flesh. Also known as Black Winter radish with rich, spicy flavor excellent for salads and crudités. Coarse outer skin allows for exceptionally long storage in the ground or the root cellar. Often eaten in Germany as a “beer radish,” served thinly sliced with salt and paired with a light beer. From our friends at Sativa Seeds.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Black Spanish Round (Organic)47–63 days
Heirloom; Organic; Container; Vegetable; Annual
Raphanus sativus. (55 days) This radish was around when the Mona Lisa was painted! A true heirloom with a snowy white interior and jet black skin. 3-4" in size. Black Spanish is a great fall/winter planted radish. The flesh is crisp and warming. Perfect for salads or raw with a little salt. ~3,000 seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸China Rose (Organic)47–63 days
Heirloom; Organic; Container; Vegetable; Annual
55 days. This popular radish for sprouting produces crisp rose colored winter radishes. Radishes are 8" long by 2" wide with rose colored skin and white flesh. Not suitable for hot summer areas, but excellent for fall planting in mild climates. A spicy sprout to add a little perk to sandwiches, salads etc. Mix with alfalfa sprouts for a favorite sandwich cruncher.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Black Spanish Round50–70 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
50-70 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Black Spanish Round Radish Seeds. Non-GMO, annual, open-pollinated, heirloom. Also known as Noir Gros Rond D'hiver or Round Black Spanish Radish. Suitable for growing in fields, greenhouses, or raised beds. With a stunning black exterior and pure white flesh, this radish is a show-stopper! The Black Spanish Round Radish takes a bit longer than other radishes to mature, but makes a good keeper. Growers can expect a zippy flavor, a bit hotter than most. ~3,000 seeds/oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tokinashi All Season50–60 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
50 to 60 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Tokinashi All Season Heirloom Radish Seeds. Cool Season Annual. Tokinashi All Season radishes are very popular in Japan and other Asian regions for their flavor and versatility. As its name implies, this variety can be grown year-round in some climates! They are slow to bolt so they can handle some heat. The roots will grow 10 to 16 inches long and 2 inches in diameter with a point like a carrot. Tokinashi radishes will always turn out high-quality, tasty, and beautifully white. ~ 3,800 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Alpine Gold - Hybrid51–69 days
Vegetable; Annual
60 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Alpine Gold Korean Radish Seeds. Hybrid, cool season annual, open pollinated. Alpine Gold radishes are a clean, crisp variety with smooth and polished roots. Compared to other radishes, Alpine Golds are sweeter, more disease tolerant, and slower to bolt! With soft green shoulders and creamy white flesh, these elegant radishes are sure to elevate any dish. Originally developed as a spring crop, they can also be sown in late summer or early fall. Approximately 2,200 seeds per ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Bora King - Hybrid51–69 days
Vegetable; Annual
60 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Bora King Hybrid Korean Radish Seeds. Cool season annual. Bora King radishes live up to their royal name by being a gorgeous purple all the way through! Its bright green tops contrast beautifully with the roots, and they're both edible and delicious. Slow to bolt and easy to grow, Bora King radishes are a truly unique variety that you won't regret trying. Buy some today and wow your friends with some delicious, visually stunning dishes this fall. Approximately 3,000 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸China White Winter51–69 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
China White Winter Radish Seeds. 60 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Heirloom, Annual. A light frost tolerant heirloom dating back to the late 1800s. Produces long, cylindrical radishes of 6 to 8 inches in length and about 2 inches in diameter. Approximately 6,800 seeds/ounce.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Green Meat Luobo51–69 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
60 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Green Meat Luobo Chinese Radish Heirloom Seeds. Cool Season Annual. Unlike other Chinese radishes, Green Luobos aren’t globe-shaped—instead, they grow as big as 10” long! Another way they differ is their bright green flesh which looks almost like a cucumber. They are as sweet and crisp as other varieties but can have more bite if allowed to grow. Plant them in late summer and harvest pain-free in the fall. This variety produces uniform roots that are great for storing! ~ 2,100 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Shin Dong Ha - Hybrid51–69 days
Vegetable; Annual
Resistance: HR: Bacterial Soft Rot
60 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Shin Dong Ha Korean Hybrid Radish Seeds. Hybrid, warm to mild season annual. Korean radishes are similar in flavor and texture to daikon, so if that’s something you enjoy, try Shin Dong Ha radishes! They are a beautiful white radish with a mild flavor. This variety grows very quickly, and can get as big as two to three pounds! As a bonus, they have great bacterial soft rot resistance and can be stored for a long time. Try this oval-shaped radish variety today, and you won’t regret it! ~ 7,100 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Starburst - Hybrid51–69 days
Container; Vegetable; Annual
60 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Starburst Chinese Radish Hybrid Seeds. Cool Season Annual. Starburst radishes are part of the watermelon radish group, which means that you’ll find bright red flesh under that clean white skin! This variety is best planted in early spring or fall, making it one of your earliest garden treats. The roots will grow as big as tangerines. In some parts of China, watermelon radishes are carved into flower shapes! ~ 3,500 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Watermelon51–69 days
Winter radish; Stores well; 2.5-3” round roots
White-skinned radish with mildly sweet, vibrant pink flesh for fall salads. Chinese ball-shaped radish with crispy bright pink flesh, white skin and green shoulders. Excellent in salads, as a garnish or cooked. Best grown in fall and can store through winter.
Growing notes: Days to maturity are from direct seeding. Radishes are hardy annuals. They can be direct seeded as soon as soil can be worked and are better adapted to the cooler temperatures and shorter days of spring and fall. Optimal soil temperature for germination is 65-85°F. Seedlings emerge within a few days. Thin if necessary to ensure even sizing. Plant every 10 days for a continual supply. Use floating row cover after seeding to prevent insect damage. Harvest radishes on time as they do not hold well in the field, especially in warm weather. Topped radishes will keep good quality for 3-4 weeks if stored at near freezing temperatures with high humidity in semi-permeable containers.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Minowase Summer Cross #3 - Hybrid55–60 days
Vegetable; Annual
Radish Seeds - Minowase Summer Cross #3 - Hybrid. Non-GMO. Raphanus sativus. 55-60 days. Annual. This popular Japanese hybrid radish (daikon) has a long, white tapered root that is mildly pungent. They can reach 16" long and weigh 1.75 lbs. It is the finest radish variety for summer to fall harvest with good heat tolerance. ~ 3,500 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Karaine - Hybrid59–81 days
Vegetable; Annual
70 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Karaine Hot Radish Seeds, Hybrid. Cool season annual, non-GMO. Hot radishes are a unique and flavorful variety of daikon that get their name from their sharp kick! Their lower moisture content makes their flavor stronger. Award -winning Karaine hot radishes are a great choice whether you are a beginner, or a daikon expert! Expect them to grow around six inches long and three inches in diameter. Approximately 2,500 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Cheong Du - Hybrid60–65 days
Vegetable; Annual
60 to 65 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Cheong Du Korean Radish Seeds. Hybrid, cool season annual. Cheong Du radishes are a common, popular variety in Korea. Their name means "green head", which is quite literal: the roots have green shoulders! They are also quite flavorful and have crisp, well-textured flesh. It's easy to see why they're popular! They grow to be eight to ten inches long and weigh around two to three pounds. This is a great variety if you want to try growing Korean radishes. Approximately 4,500 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Fall Storage - Hybrid60–65 days
Vegetable; Annual
60 to 65 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Fall Storage Korean Radish Seeds. Cool season hybrid annual. This Korean radish variety is known for its longevity; it can be stored for as long as four months after harvest without losing any of its great flavor! Start it in the late summer or early fall. Besides its great shelf life, Fall Storage radishes have the same bright flavor and crisp texture you know and love from Korean radishes. Make sure you buy plenty of seeds to have radishes in storage for months! Approximately 4,000 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Red Meat60–70 days
Heirloom; Vegetable; Annual
60 to 70 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Red Meat Chinese Radish Seeds. Cool Season Annual, Heirloom. Red Meat radishes, originally from Northern China, are a gorgeous watermelon radish with amazing flavor! While they still have that radish kick, these radishes are also shockingly sweet. Their green shoulders and white skin are clean and appealing, while their juicy red flesh is sure to be a crowd pleaser. This variety will bolt very easily, so grow them as a winter crop for the best results. The tops are delicious too! Red Meat radishes are an all-around perfect choice. ~ 3,625 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Tilling Radish60–90 days
Sow in fall; Fast growing; Builds biomass
Excellent fall cover crop for reducing compaction and building soil organic matter. Fast-growing crop provides excellent weed suppression. Taproots up to 30” long aerate the soil, reduce compaction, scavenge nutrients, lighten clay soils and increase yields. Sow 8-10 lbs/acre 4-10 weeks before the first killing frost. Raphanus sativus. Seeding rate: 8-10 lbs/acre, 1/4 lb/1,000 sq ft. Phacelia Tilling Radish Commercial Grower Sales Representative Ada standing in a blooming field of buckwheat cover crop. Oats Common Buckwheat
Growing notes: Cover crops can be used to improve soil health through a wide variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include adding organic matter and nutrients, smothering weeds, breaking up compacted soil, preventing erosion, providing forage and attracting beneficial insects. Noted below each item name is when the crop should be sown and some of its primary uses. Most cover crops are intended to be mowed or tilled-in several weeks before planting of vegetable crops. Generally, home gardeners can plant cover crops by broadcast sowing over freshly turned soil, ideally before it rains. Just before the cover crops set seed they can be cut with a scythe or mower and then be turned under with a rototiller. Annual cover crops that winter-kill may be easier to grow. Visit highmowingseeds.com for more info.
View on High Mowing ↗▸Big Time Hybrid (Treated)65–80 days
Vegetable; Annual
65 to 80 days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Big Time Korean Radish Hybrid Seeds. Hybrid, cool season annual. Big Time Korean radishes, unlike other Korean radishes, are a spring season radish that can be planted early in the season. They have deep green shoulders that fade into bright white roots. These mild, delicious radishes grow up to eight inches long and three inches in diameter, and every bite is perfectly crisp. Big Time radishes are easy to grow, too–they are resistant to bolting and have a great heat tolerance! Approximately 3,200 seeds / oz. This seed is treated with a fungicide designed to prevent or reduce seed rot in the soil. It does not affect the plant or the produce from the plant. This seed is intended for planting only. Do not eat this seed or use it for oil or animal feed. Keep this seed out of the reach of children. Wash hands after handling.
View on True Leaf Market ↗▸Sakurajima Mammoth80–90 days
Heirloom; Container; Vegetable; Annual
80 to 90 Days to maturity. Raphanus sativus. Sakurajima Mammoth Heirloom Seeds. Cool Season Annual. Known as the “Largest Radish in the World” in Japan, Sakurajima Mammoth radishes can grow as big as 100 pounds! More often though it reaches about 15 pounds and can be harvested when 10 inches in diameter for the best flavor. Despite its size, this variety is sweet, mild, and crisp. Plant this round white variety in early fall and harvest in the winter. Then, use it for cooking and pickling. ~ 1,600 seeds / oz.
View on True Leaf Market ↗
Plant spacing
In a square-foot bed, space radish about 3 in apart — that fits 16 plants in each 1-foot square (4×4). Wider rows or containers space the same.
Plan your radish planting
Add radish to a free GardenDraft plan and get sow, transplant, and harvest dates computed for your ZIP code — with a drag-and-drop bed layout and reminders when it’s time to plant.
Start your free plan →At a glance
Storing & preserving
Best used right away — quality drops fast. Trim tops and refrigerate, or store in damp sand in a cool spot for months.
- Freeze: Blanch briefly, cool, then freeze — keeps color and texture.
- Pickle: Quick-pickle or can as a pickled product.
General home-preservation guidance — for tested processing times and safety, follow the National Center for Home Food Preservation.
Growing timeline
Companion planting — with cited sources
From US/Canada cooperative-extension publications and peer-reviewed studies. Evidence-tier dots show how strongly each recommendation is backed: ●●● peer-reviewed mechanism · ●● extension consensus · ● traditional knowledge with a plausible mechanism.
Pairs well with (3)
- CarrotEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationshade-shelter, weed-suppression
Radish is widely recommended by extension home-garden references as a row-marker and bed-cover crop for slow-germinating carrots: fast radish germination breaks crust, suppresses weeds, and harvests in 25-30 days before carrots size up. Mechanism is physical / cultural rather than chemical.
Timing: Co-sow radish with carrot; harvest radish within 30 days so it does not compete with thickening carrot roots.
Source: S1, University of Maryland Extension, S13
- Common LettuceEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationshade-shelter
Radish and lettuce share cool-season culture; radish matures quickly and is harvested before lettuce reaches full size. Spatial intercrop.
Source: University of Maryland Extension
- Common SpinachEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationshade-shelter
Quick-germinating radish marks rows and provides early bed cover for slower-establishing spinach; harvested before competition becomes significant.
Source: University of Maryland Extension
Avoid planting near (1)
- Common CabbageEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationalternate-host-pest
Radish is a brassica and shares clubroot, flea beetle, and cabbage aphid with cole crops. Extension references advise treating radish as part of the brassica rotation rather than interplanting freely with cabbage.
Source: University of Maryland Extension
Trap crops for this plant (5)
- Common CucumberEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionstrap-crop, pest-deter
Radish interplanted in cucumber rows is consistently cited in US/Canada extension guides as a partial deterrent and alternate feeding host for striped cucumber beetle. SARE-funded organic vegetable trials and Agriculture Canada research support modest reductions in beetle damage; effect size is moderate, not eliminative.
Timing: Sow radish at cucumber direct-seed/transplant to provide cover during the vulnerable early-vine stage.
Source: Penn State Extension, SARE, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- HoneydewEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionstrap-crop, pest-deter
Radish intercrop reduces cucumber beetle pressure on young melon vines.
Source: SARE, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- MuskmelonEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionstrap-crop, pest-deter
Interplanted radish reduces striped cucumber beetle feeding pressure on melon vines in early growth, documented in SARE and Agriculture Canada research.
Timing: Sow radish at melon transplant.
Source: SARE, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- WatermelonEvidence tier B: Extension consensus across multiple US/Canada land-grant institutionstrap-crop, pest-deter
Interplanting radish with cucurbits has been shown to reduce striped cucumber beetle damage in several extension and SARE-funded trials. Radish acts as an alternate feeding host and also flowers can attract beneficials. The effect is partial and context-dependent.
Timing: Sow radish at the same time as melon transplant to provide cover during the beetle's most damaging early-vine stage.
Source: SARE, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Summer SquashEvidence tier C: Traditional practice with plausible mechanism but limited empirical replicationtrap-crop
Radish (especially Daikon and oilseed-types) interplanted in summer squash is cited by extension references as a trap and partial deterrent for striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum). Replicated trials show some effect but variable across sites.
Source: S5, University of Maryland Extension
Sources cited
- S1
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension — vegetable production guides
- S13
- University of New Hampshire Extension
- S18
- SARE (Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education)
- S25
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- S5
- Michigan State University Extension
- S6
- Penn State Extension
- S9
- University of Maryland Extension — Home & Garden Info Center
Care & troubleshooting— extension-sourced, with citations
When to feed, prune & water
Attract beneficial insects and protect pollinators
Protection- Routine carePlant insectary flowers and tolerate light pestsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Grow a diversity of flowering plants (including small-flowered umbels and asters) to feed predators and parasitoids, and tolerate low pest numbers so natural enemies have prey to stick around.
- Routine careNever spray open bloomsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Avoid insecticides on flowering plants and apply any needed sprays in the evening when pollinators aren't active, and favor selective products over broad-spectrum ones to spare bees and beneficials.
Feed brassicas while heading
Feeding- Routine careSide-dress nitrogen every 3-4 weeks· every 24 days · ~9 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Brassicas are heavy nitrogen feeders. Side-dress with a nitrogen-rich amendment every 3-4 weeks during active growth until heads/leaves near harvest size.
Mulch to suppress weeds and retain moisture
Mulch- Routine careApply organic mulch around plantsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Spread a few inches of straw, shredded leaves, or compost around established plants (keeping it off stems) to hold soil moisture, suppress weeds, and moderate soil temperature; wait until soil has warmed for heat-loving crops.
Plan crop rotation
Rotation- Routine careRotate plant families between bedsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Avoid planting the same family in the same bed in consecutive years (aim for a 3+ year gap), grouping crops by family so soilborne diseases and pests that build up don't carry over to the next susceptible crop.
- Routine careSequence for soil healthmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Follow heavy feeders like tomatoes and brassicas with legumes or a cover crop to support soil fertility and structure, and keep simple notes each year so you can track where each family grew.
Protect the garden from deer
Protection- Routine careFence the gardenstrong evidence — extension confidence
A fence about 8 feet tall and tight to the ground is the most reliable barrier; an outward-angled or double fence, or monofilament line strung at 30 to 36 inches, can also deter deer on smaller beds.
- Routine careRotate repellents as a supplement· every 2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Where fencing isn't feasible, apply odor/taste repellents and alternate formulations, reapplying every couple of weeks and after rain; combining repellents with fencing works best.
Protect the garden from rabbits and voles
Protection- Routine careFence out rabbitsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Surround beds with 1-inch mesh chicken wire at least 2 feet tall with the bottom buried or staked down a few inches so rabbits can't push under it.
- Routine careReduce vole habitat and guard stemsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Keep grass and mulch pulled back from plant bases and crowns to remove vole cover, mow surrounding vegetation, and use hardware-cloth guards around vulnerable woody stems before winter.
Buttoning (Broccoli/Cauliflower)
DisorderUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalUse young, well-hardened transplants and avoid cold stressstrong evidence — extension confidence
Set out vigorous, properly hardened-off transplants that have not become overgrown, and avoid transplanting into prolonged cold (roughly below 50F for many days), since cold and stress at this stage cause premature tiny heads.
- CulturalKeep plants growing steadilymoderate evidence — extension confidence
Maintain adequate fertility and moisture so plants grow without checks, since low fertility, drought, or other stress also trigger buttoning.
Clean up debris and sanitize at season end
SanitationUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careRemove spent plants and fallen debrisstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pull and clear old plants, dropped fruit, and leaf litter at season end, since many pests and diseases overwinter in this debris; dispose of diseased material rather than composting it.
- Routine careClean tools, stakes, and cagesmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Wash and sanitize stakes, cages, and tools that touched diseased plants before storing or reusing them to avoid carrying pathogens into next season.
Cutworm collars at transplant
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careSet a collar around each new transplantstrong evidence — extension confidence
When setting out transplants, slip a collar (a toilet-paper tube, paper cup with the bottom cut out, or similar) around each stem and press it a couple inches into the soil so it stands a few inches above ground, blocking cutworms from the stem.
Floating row cover timing
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careCover at planting and seal the edgesstrong evidence — extension confidence
Lay floating row cover over the crop right at seeding or transplanting and bury the edges with soil so pests can't get under; don't cover ground where the same crop grew last year, since overwintered pupae would emerge inside.
- Routine careRemove at flowering for pollinated cropsstrong evidence — extension confidence
On crops that need insect pollination, take the cover off once flowering begins so bees can reach the blooms; on self-pollinated or leafy crops you can leave it longer.
Harden off seedlings
ProtectionUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careGradually expose plants to the outdoors· every 1 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Starting about two weeks before transplanting, set seedlings outside in a sheltered, shady spot for a few hours and lengthen their time and sun exposure each day, avoiding windy days, to prevent transplant shock.
- Routine careEase back on water and transplant on a mild daystrong evidence — extension confidence
Water a little less during hardening (without letting plants wilt) to toughen growth, then transplant in late afternoon or on a cool, cloudy, calm day.
Succession-sow quick crops
CareUnusual this time of year.
- Routine careSow small batches on a schedule· every 2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Plant short rows of fast crops like radishes, bush beans, and lettuce every two to three weeks rather than all at once, so you get a steady harvest and one bad weather spell won't ruin the whole planting.
Something looks wrong?
Describe what you see on your radishand we'll rank the likely causes — most likely first, least-invasive fix first.
Bacterial soft rot
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove rotting plants and produce (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
Soft rot can't be cured once tissue breaks down; promptly remove and discard affected plants and produce so the bacteria don't spread to neighbors or other stored vegetables.
- CulturalAvoid wounds and excess moisturestrong evidence — extension confidence
Harvest in dry conditions, handle gently to avoid bruising, control insects that create entry wounds, and improve drainage; cure and store bulbs and roots cool and dry.
- CulturalDon't overwater and rotatemoderate evidence — extension confidence
Avoid waterlogged soil and overhead watering that splashes bacteria, and rotate away from previously affected fleshy crops to lower disease pressure.
Black rot (brassicas)
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove plants; rotate; use clean seedstrong evidence — extension confidence
A bacterial disease with no cure. Pull infected plants, rotate brassicas 2-3 years, use hot-water-treated or certified seed, and avoid working plants when wet.
Clubroot
Diseasesevere- CulturalRotate widely and raise soil pHstrong evidence — extension confidence
A soilborne disease that persists for years. Avoid brassicas in that bed for 5-7 years, improve drainage, and liming toward pH 7.2 suppresses it.
White mold (Sclerotinia stem rot)
Diseasesevere- CulturalRemove infected plants (manage, not cure)strong evidence — extension confidence
There's no cure for an infected plant; cut out and bag affected plants including the black sclerotia, and don't compost them, since sclerotia survive years in soil.
- CulturalOpen the canopy and rotatestrong evidence — extension confidence
Space plants widely, control weeds, orient rows to prevailing wind, and avoid overhead watering at bloom to dry the canopy; rotate to non-host crops (corn or other grasses) for several years.
- CulturalWater at the base, not overheadmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Use drip or soaker irrigation to keep foliage and the soil surface drier, which discourages the sclerotia germination and mycelial growth that drive white mold.
Alternaria Leaf Spot / Head Rot (Brassicas)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalUse clean seed, rotate, and bury debrisstrong evidence — extension confidence
Plant certified clean seed, rotate about 3 years away from brassicas, and remove or bury crop debris since lower-leaf lesions seed infection of heads.
- CulturalAvoid excess nitrogen and improve airflowmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen and space plants for good airflow, since dense, lush canopies and high humidity worsen the disease.
- ChemicalApply fungicide preventively, rotating FRAC groups· every 1 wkstrong evidence — extension confidence
Apply fungicide before disease establishes and rotate among different FRAC groups (e.g., groups 7, 3, and 9) per the label for resistance management.
Cabbage aphid
Pestmoderate- CulturalKnock off colonies and remove debris· every 4 daysmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Rinse colonies off with a strong water spray and pull badly infested leaves; clear old brassica debris and weedy mustards that carry the aphid over.
- OrganicApply a labeled insecticidal soap· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Apply a labeled insecticidal soap per the label with thorough coverage of undersides and growing tips; add a spreader so it doesn't bead off waxy leaves, and use a lower rate to avoid leaf burn.
Cabbage white & looper caterpillars
Pestmoderate- CulturalHand-pick + insect netting· every 3 days · ~3 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pick caterpillars by hand and cover plants with insect netting to block egg-laying butterflies.
- OrganicBt (Bacillus thuringiensis) - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Spray Bt var. kurstaki on leaf undersides per label; reapply after rain. Spares pollinators.
Damping-off (seedlings)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalDry out, ventilate, sow into clean mixstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use sterile seed-starting mix, bottom-water and let the surface dry between waterings, add airflow, and don't over-sow. Damping-off can't be cured once a seedling collapses.
Diamondback Moth (Brassicas)
Pestmoderate- CulturalScout, use row cover, and conserve natural enemiesstrong evidence — extension confidence
Scout undersides of leaves, exclude moths with floating row cover on young plants, and conserve parasitoid wasps that control this pest.
- OrganicTarget young larvae and rotate modes of action· every 1 wkstrong evidence — extension confidence
Treat small larvae with Bt (B. thuringiensis) or a spinosyn product, and rotate classes every application per the label, since diamondback moth readily develops insecticide resistance.
Downy Mildew (Brassicas)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalImprove airflow and manage seedling moisturestrong evidence — extension confidence
Space plants, improve air circulation, and irrigate early in the day, since cool nights with high humidity, fog, or dew favor this oomycete, especially in seedling beds.
- CulturalRotate and use resistant varietiesstrong evidence — extension confidence
Rotate at least 2 years away from brassicas and choose downy-mildew-resistant varieties where available, recognizing resistance varies with local pathogen strains.
- ChemicalApply fungicide preventively in seedling/transplant stage· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Protect transplants and young crops with an oomycete-active fungicide preventively, rotating modes of action per the label.
Harlequin bug
Pestmoderate- CulturalSanitation and exclusionstrong evidence — extension confidence
Destroy old cole crops and weedy mustards that serve as breeding sites, clean up debris in early spring before populations build, and use insect netting or row cover over young brassicas.
- CulturalHand-pick bugs and eggs· every 3 daysstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pick adults, nymphs, and the distinctive striped egg rows into soapy water; consistent removal early in the season keeps small plantings ahead of this pest.
- OrganicTreat nymphs if needed· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If nymphs are abundant, a spinosad product can help per the label; essential-oil products have tested poorly, so rely mainly on sanitation, netting, and hand-picking.
Slugs & snails
Pestmoderate- CulturalTrap, hand-pick at night, reduce cover· every 2 days · ~3 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Pick at night with a flashlight, set shallow beer traps, water in the morning so soil dries by dusk, and clear damp hiding spots.
- OrganicIron-phosphate bait - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Scatter a labeled iron-phosphate slug bait sparingly per the label; it's pet- and wildlife-safer than metaldehyde.
Stink bugs (brown marmorated and native)
Pestmoderate- CulturalExclude with row cover and clear nearby weedsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Cover susceptible crops with floating row cover before bugs arrive, and remove weeds and groundcover near the garden in early spring where stink bugs feed before moving to crops. Lift covers on flowering crops that need pollination.
- CulturalHand-pick bugs and egg masses· every 3 daysstrong evidence — extension confidence
Scout in the morning and drop adults, nymphs, and egg clusters into a bucket of soapy water; regular hand-picking keeps low populations in check since most garden insecticides work poorly on adults.
- OrganicSpot-treat young nymphs if numbers climb· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If small nymphs are abundant, a botanical such as pyrethrin or azadirachtin, or insecticidal oil, may give some suppression per the label; adults are largely unaffected, so rely mainly on exclusion and hand-picking.
Tarnished plant bug / lygus
Pestmoderate- CulturalManage surrounding weedsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Keep broadleaf weeds mowed or removed around the garden, since lygus build up on flowering weeds and move to crops as those weeds dry down; avoid mowing large weedy areas right beside fruiting crops at bloom.
- CulturalVacuum or shake plants to monitor and reduce· every 5 daysmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Tap plants over a light-colored tray to check for nymphs; a handheld vacuum used once or twice weekly can hold low to moderate numbers down on small plantings.
- OrganicTreat nymphs if damage is building· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
For active nymph infestations, azadirachtin or a Beauveria bassiana product can give some control per the label; preserve the parasitic wasps and other natural enemies that help suppress lygus.
White Rust (Brassicas/Crucifers)
Diseasemoderate- CulturalControl cruciferous weeds and rotatestrong evidence — extension confidence
Remove wild mustard and other cruciferous weeds, rotate about 3 years away from crucifers, and bury infected debris by deep tillage, since the pathogen survives on debris and weed hosts.
- CulturalAvoid overhead irrigationstrong evidence — extension confidence
Use drip irrigation and space for drying, since prolonged leaf wetness drives this oomycete disease.
Whiteflies
Pestmoderate- CulturalRemove infested leaves and hose off· every 4 daysmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Pick off and discard heavily infested lower leaves and rinse colonies off undersides with a strong spray of water; yellow sticky cards help monitor numbers.
- OrganicApply a labeled soap or oil· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Apply a labeled insecticidal soap or neem oil per the label, covering leaf undersides; these reduce but won't eliminate whiteflies, so repeat as needed.
Cabbage & onion root maggots
PestmoderateUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalCover at planting with floating row coverstrong evidence — extension confidence
Place floating row cover over the crop at seeding or transplanting and bury the edges so flies cannot lay eggs at the stem base; do not use if the same crop grew there last year, since trapped pupae would hatch underneath.
- CulturalRotate and delay plantingstrong evidence — extension confidence
Rotate susceptible crops to a new spot each year and, where possible, delay planting to late spring to miss the main egg-laying window.
Cutworms
PestmoderateUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalPlace stem collars on transplantsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Push a collar (cardboard tube, can, or cup with bottom removed) a couple inches into the soil around each stem so it extends a few inches above ground; this blocks cutworms from reaching the stem.
- CulturalScout soil and hand-remove· every 3 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
In the evening or early morning, check the soil around damaged plants and remove curled larvae by hand; tilling beds about two weeks before planting also reduces larvae and pupae.
- OrganicApply a labeled Bt or spinosad· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
If damage continues, apply a labeled Bacillus thuringiensis (kurstaki) or spinosad product per the label, targeting small larvae; Bt works best on young first- and second-instar cutworms.
Flea beetles
PestmoderateUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalRow cover seedlingsstrong evidence — extension confidence
Float insect netting over seedlings until they're large enough to outgrow damage; remove for flowering crops needing pollination.
- OrganicSpinosad or kaolin clay - label use only· every 1 wk · ~2 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
For heavy pressure on seedlings, a labeled spinosad or kaolin-clay product helps. Follow the label.
Aphids
Pestlow- CulturalBlast off with water· every 3 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Knock colonies off with a strong jet of water in the morning; repeat every few days. Light infestations rarely need more.
- OrganicInsecticidal soap - label use only· every 1 wk · ~3 wksmoderate evidence — extension confidence
For persistent colonies apply insecticidal soap to undersides per label. Avoid open flowers.
Bolting (premature flowering)
Disorderlow- CulturalShade and harvest before boltingstrong evidence — extension confidence
Once a plant bolts it can't be reversed, so harvest at the first sign of stalk formation; 30-50% shade cloth and steady watering during heat help delay bolting in cool-season crops.
- CulturalUse bolt-resistant varieties and succession sowmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Choose heat-tolerant, slow-bolt varieties and stagger small sowings so a heat spell doesn't take out the whole planting.
Earwigs
Pestlow- CulturalTrap and remove· every 1 days · ~2 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Set rolled damp newspaper, low tuna-style cans of oil, or short tubes near plants at dusk, then dump trapped earwigs into soapy water each morning; reduce mulch and damp hiding spots near vulnerable seedlings.
- OrganicApply a bait only if damage persists· every 1 wkmoderate evidence — extension confidence
Established plants usually tolerate earwigs, which also eat aphids; if seedlings are being destroyed, a spinosad-based bait labeled for earwigs can help per the label.
Edema (oedema)
Disorderlow- CulturalBalance watering and humiditystrong evidence — extension confidence
Edema comes from the plant taking up more water than it releases, not a pathogen, so water less often and water in the morning so roots aren't taking up water faster than leaves transpire on cool, humid days.
- CulturalImprove airflow and drainagestrong evidence — extension confidence
Space plants for good air movement, improve soil and container drainage, and avoid overcrowding under cover; affected leaves won't recover but new growth comes in normally once conditions balance.
Lettuce & cabbage tipburn
Disorderlow- CulturalKeep moisture even and ease off nitrogenstrong evidence — extension confidence
Tipburn is a transient calcium issue driven by water stress, not low soil calcium, so water steadily to avoid dry-wet cycles and don't over-apply nitrogen, which competes with calcium uptake.
- CulturalChoose tolerant varieties and harvest on timemoderate evidence — extension confidence
Pick tipburn-tolerant varieties and harvest heads promptly during hot spells rather than letting them sit and grow rapidly.
Nitrogen deficiency
Deficiencylow- CulturalFeed with balanced fertilizer· every 2 wks · ~4 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Apply a balanced organic fertilizer or fish emulsion; new growth greens up within ~2 weeks. Don't overcorrect.
Transplant shock
DisorderlowUnusual this time of year.
- CulturalWater in well and provide shade· every 1 days · ~1 wksstrong evidence — extension confidence
Water transplants in thoroughly at planting and keep the root zone evenly moist for the first week or two, and provide temporary shade during hot, sunny, or windy spells to reduce stress while roots establish.
- CulturalHarden off and plant gently next timestrong evidence — extension confidence
Most plants recover on their own; to prevent recurrence, harden off seedlings before planting, set them out in mild weather or evening, and avoid disturbing the roots when transplanting.