Every planting date traces back to two numbers: your last spring frost and your first fall frost. These guides explain what those dates really mean, why two gardens in one zone can differ by weeks, and how to plan each season around them.
Get a month-by-month calendar for your city, built on NOAA frost normals, with exact dates for your address.
Garlic is the one crop where the planting date does most of the work. The window is generous once you know how to find it: four to six weeks before your first fall frost, counted from your own date, not the calendar.
Mustard greens deliver bold, peppery flavor in four to six weeks. Grow them cool and succession-sow — heat makes the leaves hotter and pushes them to bolt.
Bok choy goes from seed to stir-fry in just over a month — one of the fastest, easiest brassicas. Grow it cool, because it bolts at the first taste of heat.
Turnips give you two vegetables in one fast package — crisp sweet roots and tender greens — ready in as little as five to seven weeks. The fall crop is best.
A productive garden eventually hands you more than you can eat fresh. Preserving the surplus is how a summer garden feeds you in January — and freezing is the easiest, most forgiving place to start.
A cold frame or low hoop house is a cheap way to cheat the calendar — start earlier in spring, harvest later in fall, and in many regions keep hardy greens alive right through winter.
The first warm weekend brings the urge to plant everything at once — usually a mistake. A good spring is a sequence of small preparations that set the whole season up. Work through these in order.
Parsnips reward patience — a long, slow season and a few hard frosts turn this pale root sweet and nutty. The two keys are fresh seed and deep, stone-free soil.
The harvest doesn't have to end when the garden does. Winter squash, potatoes, carrots, onions, and garlic are keepers — store them right and eat through the cold season the way gardeners always have.
What you do in the garden in October decides how easy next April will be. A thoughtful fall cleanup breaks pest cycles, feeds the soil over winter, and gets you weeks ahead in spring.
One week it's a tidy rosette; the next it's a flower stalk and the leaves turn bitter. Bolting is a survival reflex triggered by long days and heat — here's how to read the signal and buy yourself weeks.
Midsummer feels like the end of planting season — it's actually the start of the second one. What to sow in July and August, the count-back math from your first frost date, and the heat-germination tricks that make it work.
Spring planting counts forward from the last frost; fall planting counts backward from the first. Here's the count-back math, the fall factor nobody tells you about, and which crops actually get better after frost.
Denver and Flagstaff share USDA zone 6a — and their last frost dates are six weeks apart. We ran the numbers on every US ZIP code: within a typical zone, frost dates spread across a full month. Here's the data.
The last skill of the season — and the one that most affects how your food tastes — is knowing exactly when to pick it. Here are the ripeness signs crop by crop.
Thirty radishes the same Saturday, then bare dirt. Succession planting trades that feast-or-famine cycle for a steady trickle — by staggering sowings and replanting beds the moment they empty.
Seedlings raised indoors need a week of gradual exposure before they can handle real sun, wind, and cold. Here's the hardening-off routine that prevents transplant shock.
A useful garden task list should follow your frost dates, crop stages, and actual plan — not a generic national calendar. Here's the seasonal rhythm to use and what to automate.
Hardiness zones are the most misunderstood number in gardening. Here's what they actually measure, and why frost dates run your vegetable garden instead.
Your USDA zone says how cold winter gets — not when it's safe to plant. Here's what a last frost date actually is, why it's a probability rather than a promise, and how to plan around the risk.