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Elderberry

Sambucus canadensis

Elderberry is a fruit in the Adoxaceae family. It grows best in full sun to part shade with medium to high moisture, and is listed for USDA zones 3-9.

Varieties

1 · sorted by days to maturity
  • Elderberry

    PROPAGATION CATEGORY: Berry shrub (cuttings) (not currently in seed catalog). Use: Cooked berries for syrup, wine, jam; flowers for cordial. Note: Plant two cultivars for best fruit set. Raw berries, leaves, stems and roots are toxic - berries MUST be cooked.

    American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is a fast-growing native shrub grown from cuttings or suckers. Cross-pollination improves yield. Raw plant parts contain cyanogenic compounds, so berries must be cooked. Hardy zones 3-9.

    Growing notes: Botanical name: Sambucus canadensis|Hardiness zones: 3-9|Propagation: cuttings/suckers|Sun needs: Full sun to part shade|Water needs: Medium to high|Mature height: 6-12 feet

Family
Adoxaceae
Category
Fruit
Form
Shrub
Lifecycle
perennial
Zone
3-9
Height
6–12 ft
Spread
6–12 ft
Sun
Full sun to part shade
Water
Medium to high

Plan your elderberry planting

Add elderberry to a free GardenDraft plan and get sow, transplant, and harvest dates computed for your ZIP code — with a drag-and-drop bed layout and reminders when it’s time to plant.

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At a glance

Frost tolerance
Hardy · to ~-30°F
Lowest temperature the foliage usually survives

Storing & preserving

Refrigerate ripe fruit; ripen firm fruit at room temperature.

  • Freeze: Freezes well raw; spread on a tray first so pieces stay loose.
  • Preserve: Make jam or water-bath can high-acid fruit.
  • Dry: Dehydrate or air-dry, then store airtight away from light.

General home-preservation guidance — for tested processing times and safety, follow the National Center for Home Food Preservation.

Growing timeline

Propagation
Cutting
Schedule anchor
Last Frost

Care & troubleshooting

No curated care & troubleshooting advice for elderberry yet. Our extension-sourced library currently focuses on common edible crops; we're expanding it over time.